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The EU Soil strategy for 2030 sets out a framework and concrete measures to protect and restore soils and ensure that soils are used sustainably. It sets a vision and objectives to achieve healthy soil by 2050, with concrete actions by 2030. The EU Soil Strategy Actions Tracker is designed to track the progress of these concrete measures and actions.

More information regarding the EU Soil Strategy Actions Tracker and details on the methodology used are provided in this technical report: Broothaerts and Breure et al., 2025


There are 90 soil policy actions

Actions completed 63 Actions in progress 23 Actions withdrawn 4
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Last updated: May 2025
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Policy actions and status:

1. Introduction

Soil and the multitude of organisms that live in it provide us with resources and regulate the water, carbon and nutrient cycles that make life on land possible. Yet, 60-70% of EU soils are unhealthy, facing one or more degradation pressures, such as erosion or organic matter decline. Soil degradation costs the EU tens of billions of euros annually and threatens food security, necessitating government attention, public awareness, and investment in prevention and restoration. Healthy soils provide economic benefits as well as ecosystem services, aligning with the EU's climate, biodiversity, and long-term goals. Overall, the value of soil must be properly reflected in natural capital accounts such that our dependence on it becomes more apparent.
It is important to avoid the risks and impacts that continued soil degradation will have on people’s wellbeing and the economy. Therefore, soil deserves the utmost and urgent attention of public authorities at all levels as well as economic operators, soil users, local communities and citizens. The EU therefore required a comprehensive Soil Strategy to protect and restore soils while engaging society. The EU Soil Strategy involves a mix of voluntary and legally binding EU measures under the European Green Deal, respecting national policies of Member States.
The Soil Strategy 2030 Actions Tracker provides a comprehensive overview on developments for each policy action since the adoption of the Soil Strategy in 2021
List of Withdrawn soil policy actions: List of soil policy actions in Progress: List of Completed soil policy actions:

2. Vision and objectives: Achieving good soil health by 2050

2.1 Vision and objectives: Actions 3 (3)

2.1.1 Adopting a Nature Restoration Law for ecosystem restoration proposal - Completed

Action details: The upcoming Commission proposal for a Nature Restoration Regulation (NRR) aims at restoring ecosystems to good condition by 2050
Status: Completed Due date: 2021
Updates:

NRR enters into force (August 2024)

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

NRR timeline and text

Main Actors: DG ENV

2.1.2 Develop and agree indicators and thresholds for soil health - Completed

Action details: Indicators for soil health and their range of values that should be achieved by 2050 to ensure good soil health need to be developed and agreed, and they should be considered at EU level in the context of the Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) to ensure a level playing field and a high level of environmental and health protection.
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

SMRD proposal: set of soil health descriptors and thresholds for some of them fixed at EU level

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

2.1.3 Mandate the enlarged Soil Expert Group to develop indicators - Completed

Action details: Mandate the enlarged Soil Expert Group to develop indicators and thresholds
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Main Actors: DG ENV

3. Soil as a key solution for our big challenges

3.1 Soil for climate change mitigation and adaptation 5 (5)

3.1.1 Consider proposing legally binding objectives to limit drainage of organic soils and to restore peatlands - Completed

Action details: Based on the results of the impact assessment, consider proposing legally binding objectives in the context of the Nature Restoration Regulation (NRR), to limit drainage of wetlands and organic soils and to restore managed and drained peatlands
Status: Completed Due date: 2021
Updates:

Council adopts NRR (June 2024); NRR enters into force (August 2024)

Links to other policies:

NRR proposal stated that at least 30 % of the habitats not in good condition of Annex I of the Habitats Directive should be subject to restoration measures

Relevant sources:

NRR timeline and text

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.1.2 Contribute to the assessment of the state of peatlands - Completed

Action details: Contribute to the assessment of the state of peatlands in the context of the Global Peatland Initiative hosted by Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Publication of the Global Peatlands Assessment (2022)

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: JRC

3.1.3 For mineral soils: enhance biodiversity in agricultural land to increase increasing soil organic carbon - Completed

Action details: For mineral soils, the European Commission (EC) proposes measures, possibly in the context of the Nature Restoration Regulation (NRR), to enhance biodiversity in agricultural land that would contribute to conserving and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC)
Status: Completed Due date: 2021
Updates:

Members of the European Parliament (MEP) adopt voluntary Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRFC) (April 2024); Adoption of CRCF by Member States (MS) within Council is pending; NRR enters into force (August 2024)

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.1.4 Join the international initiative "4 per 1000" - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will join the international initiative ‘4 per 1000’ to increase the soil carbon in agricultural land
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

On 19 May 2025, the European Commission officially joined the international ‘4 per 1000 Initiative: Soils for Food Security and Climate’, as member in the Consortium.

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

4 per 1000 initiative website

Main Actors: JRC

3.1.5 Deliver a legislative proposal on carbon removal certification - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) delivers a communication on restoring sustainable carbon cycles in 2021 and a legislative proposal on carbon removal certification in 2022 rewarding land managers for climate–friendly practices
Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

Communication on Sustainable Carbon Cycles (COM (2021) 800 final) ; Legislative proposal (COM (2022) 672 final)

Links to other policies:

EU Climate Law

Main Actors: DG CLIMA

3.2 Soil and the circular economy 1 4 10 (15)

3.2.1 Investigate the streams of excavated soils - Completed

Action details: European Commission (EC) will investigate the streams of excavated soils generated, treated and reused in the European Union (EU) and benchmark the market situation in Member States by 2023
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

EC report published on excavated soils. Peer-reviewed publication from Joint Research Centre (JRC); Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) Impact Assessment has short paragraph with findings for the soil passport. The EC has awarded a contract to investigate streams of excavated soil in the EU and benchmark the market situation.

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.2 Assess the need and potential for a passport for excavated soil - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will assess the need and potential for legally binding provisions for a "passport for excavated soil" and provide guidance to put in place such a system.
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) Impact assessment has short paragraph with findings for the soil passport (see target 3.2.1)

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.3 Member States should set net land take reduction targets to 2030 - In progress (delayed)

Action details: Member States (MS) should set by 2023 their own ambitious national, regional and local targets to reduce net land take by 2030, and report on progress
Status: In progress (delayed) Due date: 2023
Updates:

Soil Monitoring Law (SML) requires MS to implement soil monitoring schemes, including soil sealing, partially supported by the European Commission

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.4 Member States should integrate the "land take hierarchy" principles - In progress

Action details: Member States should integrate the ‘land take hierarchy’ into their Urban Greening Plans and give priority to reusing and recycling land and to quality urban soils at national, regional and local level, through appropriate regulatory initiatives and by phasing out financial incentives that would go against this hierarchy, such as local fiscal benefits for converting agricultural or natural land into built environment
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

The European Commission provided technical guidance for Urban Greening plan (Oktober 2022); Urban Green plan platform launched

Links to other policies:

EU Biodiversity Strategy, here

Relevant sources:
See also the Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity policy tracker from the Joint Research Centre, here; Urban greening platform here: Urban greening platform; Member State input from the European Soil Expert Group
Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.5 Define net land take - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will provide a definition of net land take in the Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD)
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Proposal for SMRD provides a definition of net land take

Relevant sources:

SMRD Impact Assessment

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.6 Consider provisions for Member States to report on progress in achieving land take targets - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will consider provisions for Member States (MS) to report on progress in achieving their land take targets
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Soil Monitoring Law (SML) requires MS to implement soil monitoring schemes, including soil sealing, partially supported by the European Commission.

Relevant sources:

SMRD

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.7 Consider options for monitoring and reporting on progress towards the no net land take targets - Completed

Action details:The European Commission (EC) will consider provisions for Member States (MS) to report on progress in achieving their land take targets
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Soil Monitoring Law (SML) requires MS to implement soil monitoring schemes, including soil sealing, partially supported by the European Commission.

Relevant sources:

SMRD

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.8 Revise the European Union Soil Sealing Guidelines - In progress

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will provide guidance on how to reduce soil sealing, with a revision of the European Union Soil Sealing Guidelines by 2024.
Status: In progress Due date: 2024
Updates:

European Environment Agency (EEA) working staff document available (October 2022)

Links to other policies:

Biodiversity Strategy, here; Soil Monitoring Law: No net land take 2050, here; Nature Restoration Law: no net loss of urban green spaces by 2030 NRR

Relevant sources:

Original Soil Sealing guidelines (2012), here; EEA report "Guidelines on best practices to limit, mitigate or compensate soil sealing"

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.9 Foster an exchange of best practices, in context of the revised European Union Soil Sealing Guidelines - In progress

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will foster an exchange of best practices, in context of the revised European Union (EU) Soil Sealing Guidelines, that successfully address the challenge of land take with a view to developing a common methodology.
Status: In progress Due date: 2024
Updates:

The EC has awarded a contract to develop guidance on how to reduce soil sealing and address land take, including through adequate spatial planning, taking stock of Member States experiences.

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.10 Revise the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive - Completed

Action details: The Commission will by 2022 revise the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive and the list of surface water and groundwater pollutants.
Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

The Council and the European Parliament came to a political agreement on a proposal to review the urban wastewater treatment directive (January and March 2024)

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.11 Evaluate the Sewage Sludge Directive - Completed

Action details: The Commission will by 2022 evaluate the Sewage Sludge Directive
Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

The Sewage Sludge Directive was evaluated (2023)

Links to other policies:

New Circular Economy Action Plan

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.12 Adopt an Integrated Nutrient Management Action Plan - Withdrawn

Action details: The Commission will by 2022 adopt an Integrated Nutrient Management Action Plan for a safer use of nutrients on soil.
Status: Withdrawn Due date: 2022
Updates:

Public consultation closed (August 2022); proposal has not yet been put forward

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.13 Assess measures to achieve a reduction of nutrient losses by at least 50% - Completed

Action details: In the impact assessment for the Soil Health Law, the Commission will assess measures that can contribute to achieving the objective of the reduction of nutrient losses by at least 50% (resulting in the reduction of use of fertilisers by at least 20%), including the option of making this target legally binding.
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Measures that can contribute to achieving the objective of the 50% reduction of nutrient losses are included in the Impact assessment of the Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD)

Links to other policies:

SMRD

Relevant sources:

SMRD Impact Assessment

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.14 Finance a new LIFE project on high quality compost - Completed

Action details: Building on the obligation to collect organic waste separately, the Commission will seek to finance a new LIFE project that addresses as an ad hoc priority the use of high-quality compost from biowaste on soil. The Commission will also continue funding research to address the environmentally sound recovery of organic fertilisers from biowaste.
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Commission is funding the LIFE BIOBEST Project

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

LIFE BIOBEST projects

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.2.15 Continue funding research to recover organic fertilizers from bio-waste - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will continue funding research to address the environmentally sound recovery of organic fertilizers from from biowaste.
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

The EC is funding research projects, such as Bin2Bean and FENIX

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

Bin2Bean project; FENIX project

Main Actors: DG
RTD

3.3 Soil biodiversity for human, animal and plant health 5 (5)

3.3.1 Publish an assessment of soil biodiversity in the European Union - Completed

Action details: Publishing by 2022 the first assessment of European Union (EU) soil biodiversity and antimicrobial resistance genes in agricultural soils under different management regimes (through the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey, LUCAS, soil component).
Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

Peer-reviewed publications have been published based on the LUCAS 2018 biodiversity data

Links to other policies:

Biodiversity Strategy, here

Relevant sources:

See peer-reviewed publications: Labouyrie et al., Köninger et al., Labouyrie et al., 2024; Published databases: DNA Bacteria and Fungi; DNA Eukaryotes, DNA Metagenomes

Main Actors: JRC

3.3.2 Assess the risk of further alien flatworm species - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will assess the risk of further alien flatworm species for their potential inclusion in the list of "invasive alien species of Union concern"
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Updated list of invasive species (2022), including two species of flatworm Bipalium kewenese and Obama nungara

Relevant sources:

EC report "Study on invasive alien species"; See also the Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity Actions Tracker from the Joint Research Centre.

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.3.3 Strive for a global biodiversity framework - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will strive for better coherence and stronger synergies between the Rio Conventions and strive for a post-2020 global biodiversity framework that recognises the importance of soil biodiversity, strengthens the use of sustainable soil management practices to safeguard ecosystem services and integrates soil preservation and restoration in different targets and indicators
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

The European Union is an official partner of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that led the Rio Convention initiatives.
The European Union has contributed to the trust funds for participation as well as supplementary activities over the period of 2020-2022

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.3.4 Actively contribute to the adoption by the COP15 of the soil biodiversity agenda - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will actively contribute to the adoption of the two plans: i.) Plan of Action (2020-2030) for the International Initiative for the Conservation ii.) Sustainable Use of Soil Biodiversity. The two plans should be included in the 15th Convention of Parties (COP) and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Furthermore, the EC will support the implementation of these plans after their adoption.
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

COP 15 (December 2022) conference report includes sections on soil biodiversity and its conservation

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

COP15 official publication

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.3.5 Step up efforts in mapping, assessing, protecting and restoring soil biodiversity - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will step up efforts in mapping, assessing, protecting and restoring soil biodiversity and support the establishment of the Global Soil Biodiversity Observatory (GLOSOB)
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Study by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) to map soil biodiversity based on the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) 2018 data in progress. EC and JRC official are registered partners in GLOSOB

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

Official partners in GLOSOB

Main Actors: JRC

3.4 Soil for healthy water resources 1 2 (3)

3.4.1 Consider addressing better coordination of soil and water management - Completed

Action details: The Commission will consider addressing the adequate integration and coordination of soil and water management, including in the impact assessment for a Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD).
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Water retention capacity and sustainable soil management principles linked to water resources included in the Impact assessment of the Soil Monitoring Law

Links to other policies:

SMRD

Relevant sources:

Impact Assessment of the SMRD, here

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.4.2 Facilitate exchange of best practices on the soil-water-sediment nexus - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will facilitate exchange of practices among the Member States on the nexus between soil, water and sediment and publish a guidance on the sustainable management of sediment
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Main Actors: DG ENV

3.4.3 Better integrate soil and land use management in river basin and flood risks management plans - In progress

Action details: Member States (MS) should better integrate soil and land use management in their river basin and flood risk management plans where possible by deploying nature-based solutions
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

The sixth EC report on the implementation of river basin and flood risk management plans has been published (2021).

Links to other policies:

There is a mandatory update (every six years) of river basin and flood risk management plans as per the Water Framework Directive and Floods Directive; Water Framework Directive and Floods Directive implementation reports

Relevant sources:

Main Actors: DG ENV

4. Preventing soil and land degradation and restoring healthy soils

4.1 Making sustainable soil management (SSM) the new normal 1 6 5 (12)

4.1.1 Requirements for the sustainable use of soil - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will assess requirements for the sustainable use of soil so that its capacity to deliver ecosystem services is not hampered, including the option of setting legal requirements.
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

European Union Soil Observatory (EUSO) Dashboard on soil degradation
Impact Assessment report that supports the proposal for a Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) refers to sustainable soil management practices in Annex III

Relevant sources:
EUSO soil Degradation Dashboard; EC report "EU-wide methodology to map and assess ecosystem condition"; See link to EC proposal for SMRD including the Impact Assessment, here;
Main Actors: DG ENV

4.1.2 Prepare a set of sustainable soil management practices - In progress

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will prepare a set of ‘sustainable soil management’ practices, adapted to the wide variability of soil ecosystems and types, and identify unsustainable soil management practices.
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

Impact Assessment report that supports the proposal for a Soil Monitoring Law (SML) refers to sustainable soil management practices in Annex III; the EC has awarded a contract to prepare a set of sustainable soil management practices.

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

See link to EC proposal for SMRD including the Impact Assessment, Call for tender to support implementation of the Soil Strategy 2030

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.1.3 Help Member States to put in place the "Test your soil for free" initiative - In progress

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will aid help such that Member States put in place the "Test your soil for free" initiative at the appropriate administrative level.
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

The EC has awarded a contract to set up an informative technical document for Member States for setting up and launching the "Test your soil for free" initiative.

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.1.4 Build a network of excellence of practitioners - In progress

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will create with the Member States a network of excellence of practitioners, and an inclusive network of Sustainable Soil Management ambassadors, building on the work of Living Labs and Lighthouses of the Mission "A Soil Deal for Europe".
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

Three projects funded under the Soil Mission: PREPSOIL, NATI00NS, SOILL-Startup’; Four research calls funded under 2023 and 2024 work programme; The EC has awarded a contract to develop an inventory, charter and communication campaign relevant to a network of practitioners and sustainable soil management ambassadors.

Links to other policies:

European Network for Living Labs

Main Actors: DG ENV
DG AGRI

4.1.5 Promote sustainable soil and nutrient management solutions - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will promote sustainable soil and nutrient management solutions through voluntary commitments between actors in the food system under the European Union (EU) Code of Conduct on Responsible Food Businesses and Marketing practices
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Each year, the EU Code of Conduct Mapping study has been published
Each year, major food business partners published their Code of Conduct

Links to other policies:

Code of Conduct is one of the 1st deliverables of the, Farm2Fork Strategy

Main Actors: DG
AGRI

4.1.6 Promote sustainable soil management under the EU Code of Conduct - Completed

Action details: Promote sustainable soil management through voluntary commitments between actors in the food system under the EU Code of Conduct on Responsible Food Businesses and Marketing practices
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

EU Code of Conduct for Responsible Food Business and Marketing Practices (June 2021)

Links to other policies:

Farm2Fork Strategy

Main Actors: DG AGRI

4.1.7 Strengthening cooperation with the farming community - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will value outstanding achievements and innovative initiatives on sustainable soil management by strengthening cooperation with the farming community such as though the European Land Owners Soil Award (ELOSA)
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Inaugural Organic awards took place (September 2022)
2024 ELOSA award has been granted (March 2024)

Links to other policies:

Organic Action plan

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.1.8 Continue to support the Global Soil Partnership - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will continue to support the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) in promoting sustainable soil management worldwide.
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Publication of the Soil Atlas of Asia as a joint deliverable between Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (July 2023)

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.1.9 Propose a legislative framework for a European Union sustainable food system - Withdrawn

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will propose by 2023 a legislative framework for an European Union sustainable food system, as indicated in the Farm to Fork Strategy
Status: Withdrawn Due date: 2023
Updates:

EC provided initial Impact Assessment, public consultation closed (July 2022)

Links to other policies:

Farm2Fork Strategy

Main Actors: DG SANTE

4.1.10 Member States should integrate soil sustainability under the Cohesion Policy - In progress

Action details: Member States (MS) should duly include conservation, restoration and sustainable use of soil in their programmes under the European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy.
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

Relevant sources:

Guidance on EU funding for healthy soils in the SMRD proposal

Main Actors: DG REGIO

4.1.11 Member States should ensure contribution of the CAP to enhancing soil health - In progress

Action details: Member States should ensure the strong contribution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to maintaining and enhancing soil health through support of the European Commission (EC) in the CAP 2023-2027 reform.
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

EC report on 28 CAP Strategic Plans at a Glance (December 2022)

Links to other policies:

CAP; Farm2Fork Strategy; Biodiversity Strategy

Main Actors: DG AGRI

4.1.12 Member States should set up the "Test your soil for free" initiative - In progress

Action details: Member States should set up the "Test your soil for free" initiative at the appropriate administrative level.
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

The EC has awarded a contract to set up an informative technical document for Member States for setting up and launching the "Test your soil for free" initiative.

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.2 Preventing desertification 3 2 (5)

4.2.1 Establish a methodology to assess the extent of desertification in the EU - In progress

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will establish a methodology and relevant indicators, starting with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)’s indicators, to assess the extent of desertification and land degradation in the European Union (EU)
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

The Joint Research Centre (JRC) works on response to the 2018 Court of Auditors report
Publication of European soil threats dataset (April 2024) on the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC)

Main Actors: DG ENV
JRC

4.2.2 Propose to declare the EU as affected by desertification under UNCCD - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will propose to Member States to declare the European Union affected by desertification under United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and continue to encourage Member States to participate in the United Nation’s Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) Target Setting Programme
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Press release of the Council on 14 October 2024 here

Links to other policies:

UNCCD

Relevant sources:

Press release of the Council

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.2.3 Publish regularly on the state of land degradation and desertification - In progress

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will publish information every five years about the state of land degradation and desertification in the European Union (EU)
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

European Union Soil Observatory (EUSO) Dashboard on soil degradation launched
Publication of European soil threats dataset (April 2024) on the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC)

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV
JRC

4.2.4 Support key global initiatives on land degradation - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will continue support to key initiatives such as the Great Green Wall initiative, Regreening Africa, and aid on land/soil issues in development cooperation
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

EC is an official partner in the Great Green Wall initiative and Regreening Africa
HORIZON funded Soils4Africa

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV
DG INTPA

4.2.5 Member States should take measures to prevent and mitigate degradation - In progress

Action details: Member States (MS) should adopt, in line with the European Union (EU) climate adaptation strategy, appropriate long-term measures to prevent and mitigate degradation coupled with wider use of drought management plans and application of sustainable soil management
Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

Ecologic has been contracted by European Commission to perform "Stock-taking analysis and outlook of drought policies, planning and management in EU MS"

Links to other policies:

EU Adaptation Strategy

Relevant sources:

Ecologic project deliverable

Main Actors: DG CLIMA

4.3 Preventing soil pollution 1 2 6 (9)

4.3.1 Revise the Directive on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides - Withdrawn

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will revise the Directive on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides (SUP) by 2022
Status: Withdrawn Due date: 2022
Updates:

EC withdrawal decision published, in view of Parliament's rejection of the proposal and the lack of progress in Council discussions (May 2024)

Links to other policies:

Farm2Fork; Biodiversity strategy for 2030

Relevant sources:

Legislative train and general overview of the SUP Directive

Main Actors: DG SANTE

4.3.2 Evaluate the Sewage Sludge Directive - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will evaluate the Sewage Sludge Directive by 2022
Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

Publication of EC evaluation of Council Directive 86/278/EEC (May 2023)

Links to other policies:

New Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP)

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.3.3 Improve consideration of soil quality under the "one substance one assessment" initiative - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will improve and harmonise the consideration of soil quality and soil biodiversity in European Union (EU) risk assessments for chemicals, food and feed additives, pesticides, fertilisers, etc. under the ‘one substance one assessment’ initiative
Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Council adopted its mandate for future negotiations with the European Parliament on the three legislative proposals of the "one substance, one assessment" package (June 2024)

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.3.4 Restrict intentionally used micro-plastics - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will restrict intentionally used micro-plastics under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation
Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

EC adopted the proposal from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) on restricting microplastic products placed on the European Economic Area (EEA) market (Sept. 2023)

Relevant sources:

ECHA website providing timeline for restriction of intentionally added microplastics

Main Actors: DG GROW

4.3.5 Restrict non-essential use of PFAS - In progress (delayed)

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will prepare a restriction under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) for all non-essential uses of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), preventing their emission to the environment including soil by 2022
Status: In progress (delayed) Due date: 2022
Updates:

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) received consultation on the restriction proposal (Sept. 2023)
Committee meetings planned until Sept. 2024, ECHA to deliver final opinions to EC afterwards

Main Actors: DG GROW

4.3.6 Develop measures on the unintentional release of microplastics - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will develop measures on the unintentional release of microplastics by 2022
Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

EURO 7 proposal (Nov. 2022)
Proposal for a directive amending Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (July. 2023)
Proposal for harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products, amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Regulation (EU) 305/2011

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.3.7 Develop a policy framework on bio-plastics - Completed

Action details: The European Commission (EC) will develop a policy framework on bio-based, biodegradable and compostable plastics by 2022
Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

EC adopts communication on a policy framework for biobased, biodegradable and compostable plastics

Relevant sources:

Envision EC policy framework: overview; timeline; proposal

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.3.8 Adopt biodegradability criteria for certain polymers - Completed

Action details:By July 2024, the European Commission (EC) will adopt biodegradability criteria for certain polymers, such as coating agents and agricultural mulch films under the European Union (EU) Fertilizing Products Regulation
Status: Completed Due date: 2024
Updates:

Consultation period on Draft act closed (April 2024)
EC adoption planned for 2nd quarter 2024
AIMPLAS was contracted by the EC to assess biodegradability criteria for mulch films in soil and aquatic environments across the EU
Commission delegated regulation amending regulation 2009/1009 adopted on 23/7 and currently under (3-month period) scrutiny

Links to other policies:

EU Fertilising Products Regulation

Main Actors: DG GROW

4.3.9 Review contaminant limits for EU fertilizing products - In progress

Action details: The contaminant limits for European Union (EU) fertilizing products will be reviewed by July 2026 as part of the general review of that regulation.
Status: In progress Due date: 2026
Updates:

Links to other policies:

EU Fertilising Products Regulation, here

Main Actors: DG GROW

4.4 Restoring degraded soils and remediating contaminated sites 4 5 (9)

4.4.1 Consider legal provisions for making soil contamination reporting mandatory - Completed

Action details: Reporting on progress in managing soil contamination is currently voluntary, irregular and based on a changing methodology, different national definitions, screening values and risk assessment methodologies. Considering this lack of level playing field, the Commission will therefore explore the need for legal provisions to make such reporting mandatory and uniform across the EU in the context of the Soil Health Law.
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Impact Assessment report that supports the proposal for a Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) refers to identification, registration, investigation and assessment of contaminated sites

Links to other policies:

SMRD

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.4.2 Revise the Environmental Crime Directive - Completed

Action details:

The Commission is also working on a revision of the Environmental Crime Directive, which will propose an ambitious instrument to tackle environmental crime and introduce effective tools for law enforcement authorities across the Union to enforce its environmental policy (including soil pollution offences), with the support of Eurojust in cross-border cases.

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

The new Environmental Crime Directive was adopted on 11 April 2024 and entered into force on 20 May 2024

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

Environmental Crime Directive

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.4.3 Consider legally binding provisions on contaminated sites identification, inventorization and remediation - Completed

Action details:
The European Commission (EC) will consider proposing legally binding provisions to:
  1. identify contaminated sites
  2. set up an inventory and register of those sites
  3. remediate the sites that pose a significant risk to human health and the environment by 2050
Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Content of register of potentially contaminate sites and contaminate sites was specified in Annex VII of the Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) proposal
European Parliament (EP) adopted position on SMRD proposal (April 2024)
European Council adopted position on SMRD (June 2024)

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.4.4 Assess the feasibility of a soil health certificate - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will assess the feasibility of the introduction of a soil health certificate for land transaction to provide land buyers with information on the key characteristics and health of the soils in the site they intend to purchase

Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Impact Assessment report that supports the proposal for a Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) includes the introduction of a soil health certificate

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.4.5 Facilitate dialogues on risk assessment for soil contamination - In progress (delayed)

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will facilitate a dialogue and knowledge exchange on the risk assessment methodologies for soil contamination and identify best practices

Status: In progress (delayed) Due date: 2022
Updates:

Soil Monitoring Law (SML) proposal specifies phases and requirement for site-specific risk assessment (Annex VI) European Parliament (EP) proposal and Council proposal of the SML amended Annex VI The EC has awarded a contract to review risk assessment methodologies and report the results from expert workshops in a technical assessment including recommendations.

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.4.6 Develop an EU priority list for contaminants in soils - In progress

Action details:

By 2024, the European Commission (EC) will develop an EU priority list for contaminants of major and/or emerging concern that pose significant risks for European soil quality, and for which vigilance and priority action at European and national level is needed

Status: In progress Due date: 2024
Updates:

Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) proposal contains a reference to a soil pollution watch list.

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.4.7 Revise the Industrial Emissions Directive - Completed

Action details:

By 2022, the European Commission (EC) will revise the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED)

Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

EC adoption of IED proposal for revisions (June 2022)

Links to other policies:

Industrial Emissions Directive

Relevant sources:

Generic descriptionand timeline of IED

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.4.8 Evaluate the Environmental Liability Directive - In progress

Action details:

Evaluate the Environmental Liability Directive, including regarding the definition of land damage and the role of financial security by 2023

Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

Public consultation period closed (Q2 2022)

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

4.4.9 Member States should establish a system of soil health certificates - In progress

Action details:

Member States should establish a system of soil health certificates for land transactions, if this is not included in the Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD)

Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

European Commission (EC) proposal for soil health certificates got deleted from Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) text in legislative proposal of European Parliament (EP) (April 2024)

Main Actors: DG ENV

5. We need to know more about soils

5.1 Soil and the digital agenda 2 2 (4)

5.1.1 Create a Green Deal dataspace - Completed

Action details:

Create a Green Deal dataspace: Access to soil research data will be made easier through the creation of a Green Deal dataspace and the implementation of the Horizon Europe Mission "A Soil Deal for Europe".

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Green Deal Dataspace launched
The EU Soil Observatory (Joint Research Centre) and the SoilWise project are developing a data catalogue for soil data and outcomes of Mission Soil funded projects

Links to other policies:

A European Strategy for Data

Main Actors: DG RTD
JRC

5.1.2 Enhance the use of digital tools - In progress

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will enhance the use of digital tools and Copernicus and rely on the Joint Research Centre (JRC) to further develop the European Soil Observatory (EUSO) and the European Environmental Agency (EEA) to develop the Land Information System for Europe (CLMS), supported by geospatial analytical products

Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil Survey 2022 completed, LUCAS Soil Survey expanded to 40.000 sampling locations; Call for tender
Laboratory analysis of soil samples collected during the 2022 LUCAS Survey published (July 2024)
JRC includes EEA layers on soil management practices in pilot studies for validation

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

EUROSTAT links to LUCAS 2022; d’Andrimont et al. 2024; Call for tender for laboratory analysis of soil samples collected during the 2022 LUCAS Survey; CLMS news item on validation of high-resolution EEA layers

Main Actors: DG DEFIS
JRC
EEA

5.1.3 Support Member States to set-up farm sustainability tools for nutrients - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will encourage and support Member States to set-up farm sustainability tools for nutrients (FaST), as part of the farm advisory services under the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Release of v1.0.0 of FaST app (March 2021)
Kick-off FaST stage 2 between EC and paying agencies (June 2021

Links to other policies:

Common Agricultural Policy

Relevant sources:

FaST project timeline

Main Actors: DG AGRI

5.1.4 Improve the modelling capacity of soil-related processes in Destination Earth - In progress

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will improve the modelling capacity of soil-related processes under the Commission’s Destination Earth in collaboration with the Horizon Europe Mission "A Soil Deal for Europe"

Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

All components of Destination Earth have been developed and launched (DestinE platform, Data Lake, Digital Twin Engine) (June 2024)

Links to other policies:

European data strategy

Main Actors: DG CNECT

5.2 Soil data and monitoring 8 (8)

5.2.1 Consider provisions on monitoring and report on soils - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will consider provisions on monitoring soil and soil biodiversity and reporting on the condition of soil

Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) proposal for increased monitoring within Member States next to the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS), soil module
Call for tender Laboratory analysis of soil samples collected during the 2022 LUCAS Survey published (July 2024)

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

Initial proposal of SMRD; Legislative proposal of EP in response to EC SMRD-text; Legislative proposal of Council in response to EP-SMRD text; Call for tender for laboratory analysis of soil samples collected during the 2022 LUCAS Survey

Main Actors: DG ENV

5.2.2 Provide a legal basis for the LUCAS soil survey - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will consider providing a legal basis for the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) soil survey to legally anchor the objectives, conditions, funding, access to land, use of data and privacy issues

Status: Completed Due date: 2023
Updates:

Soil Monitoring Law (SML) proposal specifies phases and requirement for site-specific risk assessment (Annex VI) European Parliament (EP) proposal and Council proposal of the SML added text to Annex VI  Soil Monitoring and Resilience Directive (SMRD) specifies phases and requirement for site-specific risk assessment (Annex VI); European Parliament (EP) proposal and Council proposal of the SMRD added text to Annex VI

Main Actors: DG ENV

5.2.3 Provide EU-wide harmonized monitoring of soil organic carbon - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will provide through the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) soil surveys EU-wide harmonised monitoring of the evolution in soil organic carbon content and carbon stocks, complementing Member States’ reporting under the LULUCF Regulation

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Peer-reviewed publications have been published on soil organic carbon based on the LUCAS 2009, 2015 and 2018 data

Relevant sources:

Peer-reviewed publication: De Rosa et al., 2023

Main Actors: JRC

5.2.4 Work towards integrating a pollution module in the future LUCAS - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will work towards integrating a pollution module in the future LUCAS (Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey) in 2022 soil survey to better understand and map the issue of diffuse soil contamination in the European Union (EU)

Status: Completed Due date: 2020
Updates:

Heavy metals, pesticides and other contaminants are integrated in the LUCAS 2022 soil survey. Call for tender for laboratory analysis of soil samples collected during the LUCAS 2022 soil survey published (Sept 2024)

Relevant sources:

Call for tender for laboratory analysis of soil samples collected during the LUCAS 2022 soil survey

Main Actors: DG ENV

5.2.5 Produce a Clean Soil Outlook - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will produce a clean soil outlook as part of the integrated zero pollution monitoring and outlook framework

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Publication of the Zero pollution outlook (July 2022)

Links to other policies:

EU Zero Pollution Action Plan

Relevant sources:

Zero pollution outlook

Main Actors: DG ENV
JRC

5.2.6 Identify soil monitoring gaps - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will identify knowledge gaps with regards to EU-wide soil monitoring, with the contribution of the European Joint Programme on agricultural soil management (EJP SOIL), in dialogue with Member States and other key stakeholders

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil Module 2022: new developments building on the activities of EJP SOIL
Identification of gaps in current soil monitoring, included in deliverable 2.7 of EJP SOIL

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG AGRI
DG RTD
JRC

5.2.7 Develop a soil dashboard - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will develop a soil dashboard with a set of reliable soil indicators integrating trends and foresight

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Publication of the first version of the EU Soil Observatory (EUSO) Soil Degradation Dashboard (March 2023)
Publication of the second version of the dashboard (June 2024)

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: JRC

5.2.8 Develop an EU inventory of soil biota - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will develop an EU inventory of soil biota in order to monitor and better understand soil biodiversity

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Peer-reviewed publications have been published based on the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS), Soil Module 2018 biodiversity data
Call for tender Laboratory analysis of soil samples collected during the 2022 LUCAS Survey published (July 2024)

Relevant sources:

Peer-reviewed publication: Labouyrie et al., 2023; Köninger et al.; Labouyrie et al., 2024; Call for tender Laboratory analysis of soil samples collected during the 2022 LUCAS Survey, here;

Main Actors: JRC

5.3 Soil research and innovation 3 (3)

5.3.1 Implement ambitious research roadmaps for soil - Completed

Action details:

Through the Mission "A Soil Deal for Europe", the EC will implement ambitious roadmaps for research and innovation to expand the knowledge base for soil stewardship and widen the access to and use of results from research activities

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Roadmaps were developed under Mission Soil funded project SOLO. Project call HORIZON-MISS-2021-SOIL-02-01

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG AGRI
DG RTD

5.3.2 Provide funding to soil biodiversity, degradation and decontamination - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will continue providing substantial funding to i) research solutions to increase soil biodiversity; ii) address soil degradation; iii) pilot innovative technologies for decontamination

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Research calls under Mission Soil in 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG AGRI
DG RTD

5.3.3 Promote development of digital solutions to assess soil quality - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will promote the development and use of digital and remote sensors, apps and handheld samplers to assess soil quality, contributing to a "Digital Agenda for Europe".

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Research calls under Mission Soil in 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024
Published as annex of the Proposal for a Directive on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (SWD/2023/423 final) (July 2023)

Links to other policies:

Digital Agenda for Europe

Main Actors: DG AGRI
DG RTD

6. Enabling the transition to healthy soils

6.1 Private finance and EU funding 3 (3)

6.1.1 Set up a dialogue on financing soil degradation prevention and soil health restoration - Completed

Action details:

The Commission will set up a dialogue with the public, private and financial sector to see how financing the prevention of soil degradation and the restoration of soil health can be improved.

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

The Commission has awarded a contract to organize an online workshop on ‘Financing Soil Protection and Restoration’, which took place in October 2024.

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV

6.1.2 Publish a guide with an overview of EU funding opportunities for soil - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will publish a guide in 2022 with an overview of EU funding opportunities available for the protection, sustainable management and restoration of soils, once all priorities and focus areas for 2021-2027 have been clearly defined

Status: Completed Due date: 2022
Updates:

The EC has awarded a contract to create a guide that details all available EU funding opportunities relevant for the protection, sustainable management and restoration of soils. The guide was published as annex of the Proposal for a Directive on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (SWD/2023/423 final) (July 2023)

Main Actors: DG ENV

6.1.3 Use the EU Taxonomy Regulation to foster sustainable projects - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission will promote investments in projects that sustainably manage and do not significantly harm soils under the European Union (EU) Taxonomy Regulation and its delegated acts

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Taxonomy regulation entered into force (July 2020)
Delegated acts – Environmental and climate adopted (June 2023)
JRC report on the definition of soil fertility in the EU taxonomy

Links to other policies:

EU Taxonomy Regulation

Relevant sources:

EU taxonomy for sustainable activities: timeline and generic overview; Report Soil fertility in the EU taxonomy

Main Actors: DG ENV
DG FISMA

6.2 Soil literacy and societal engagement 1 3 (4)

6.2.1 Launch a soil literacy initiative - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will launch a soil literacy engagement and awareness initiative, building on the successful example of the “ocean literacy”

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Mission Soil Implementation Plan launched (Sept. 2021)
Soil literacy included in the 2022 Soil Mission Call

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG AGRI
DG RTD

6.2.2 Facilitate sharing of information by EUSO portal and outreach networks - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will facilitate and encourage the sharing of best practices in communication and engagement on soil, building an European Soil Observatory (EUSO) portal and setting up outreach networks aiming at healthy soils

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Mission Soil Implementation Plan launched (Sept. 2021) including thematic cluster on Communications & Stakeholder Engagement
Publication of EUSO Bulletin 2023
Research calls under Mission soil in 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024, including calls on communication and engagement on soil

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

Mission Soil Implementation Plan
EUSO Annual Bulletin 2023; Example of relevant Mission Soil project: ECHO

Main Actors: DG AGRI
DG RTD
JRC 

6.2.3 Integrate soil degradation under the European common reference framework of sustainability competences - Withdrawn

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will integrate the issue of soil degradation under the European common reference framework of sustainability competences, to develop the concept of soil literacy with European citizens

Status: Withdrawn Due date: na
Updates:

Soil degradation is indirectly addressed in the publication of "Green Comp, the European sustainability competence framework" (Jan. 2022) under the thematic "promote nature". Soil degradation is not explicitly mentioned.

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

Link to the publication: The European sustainability competence framework (GreenComp)

Main Actors: DG EAC
EMPL

6.2.4 Communicate and educate about soil health - Completed

Action details:

The European Commission (EC) will run a comprehensive portfolio of actions for communication, education, and citizen engagement to promote soil health at various levels and bring soils closer to citizen’s values, building on the Mission ‘A Soil Deal for Europe’ and the EU Soil Observatory (EUSO)

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Report on the Communication and citizen engagement initiatives aligned with Mission Soil (August 2022)
Launch of the Mission Soil Manifesto (April 2023)
Publication of EUSO annual bulletin (March 2024)
Four research calls funded under 2023 and 2024 work programme

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG AGRI
JRC
DG RTD

7. Conclusions

7.1 Concluding actions 1 1 (2)

7.1.1 Build the EU Coalition4HealthySoils as a new governance model - In progress

Action details:

We need all stakeholders around the table to discuss and collaborate. Therefore, a new governance model based on a ‘network of networks’ and inspired by the Coalition4Oceans will be created: the EU Coalition4HealthySoils (C4HS).

Status: In progress Due date: na
Updates:

The EC has awarded a contract to formulate actions that can establish and reinforce cooperation links between stakeholders in relation to the implementation of the Soil Strategy

Links to other policies:

Relevant sources:

The C4HS task is described in the Call for tender to support implementation of the Soil Strategy 2030

Main Actors: DG ENV

7.1.2 Enlarge the Soil Expert Group - Completed

Action details:

The EU Soil Expert Group will be enlarged to include a balanced representation of stakeholders. Policy action will continue to be based on data and knowledge from the EU Soil Observatory and the EIONET National Reference Centre on Soil and the Mission "A Soil Deal for Europe".

Status: Completed Due date: na
Updates:

Commission expert group for the Mission "A Soil Deal for Europe" has been expanded in 2022.

Links to other policies:

Main Actors: DG ENV