Update: 07/2003
Important Note by Marc Van Liedekerke (01/02/08): This version of the Database Manual is obsolete in relation to the most recent developments of the GISCO data. However, this version of the documentation still serves to explain the co-ordinate reference system used by a few datasets maintained in European Soil Portal; these datasets historically used the LAEA co-ordinate system explained under Chapter-3.
A map is a graphic representation of geographical features or other spatial phenomena. Both location and attribute information of a particular object can be read from a map. The location information describes the position of the object on the earth's surface, while the attribute information describes characteristics of the features represented.
In addition to feature locations and their attributes, maps have other technical characteristics that define them and their use. These include scale, resolution, accuracy and projection.
The map scale is the extent of reduction necessary to display
a representation of the earth's surface on a map. It is often
expressed as a representative fraction of distance, such as
1:1 000 000. This means that 1 unit of distance on the map represents
1 million of the same units of distance on the earth.
Map resolution is the accuracy with which the location and shape of map features can be depicted for a given map scale. In addition to this, maps also contain accuracy constraints in the placement of lines and points on the map page.
A map projection is a mathematical transformation to calculate the position of a geographical feature from its position on the 3-dimensional earth's surface to its position on a 2-dimensional map surface.
The earth is almost a perfect sphere. The ellipticity is approximately 0.003353. To simplify mathematical calculations, the earth is often considered to be a sphere, with a certain radius. This assumption can be used for maps with a scale up to 1:5 000 000. At this scale, one cannot detect the difference between a sphere and a spheroid on a map. For larger scale maps, however, it is necessary to treat the earth as a spheroid (i.e. an ellipsoid which approximates to a sphere).
Because of gravitational variations and variations in surface features, the earth is not a perfect spheroid. Many surveys of the irregularities of the earth's surface have led to the definition of many spheroids. The semi-major and semi-minor axes defining the spheroid that best fit one geographic region are not necessarily the same for another geographic region.
Spherical coordinates are measured in latitude and longitude. If the earth is considered to be a sphere, latitude and longitude are angles measured from the earth's centre to a point on the earth' surface. Latitude and longitude are measured in degrees, minutes and seconds. The equator has latitude 0°, the North Pole 90°, and the South Pole -90°. The Prime Meridian, indicating a longitude of 0°, starts at the North Pole, passes through Greenwich, England, and ends at the South Pole.
Although measurements of latitude and longitude can be used to locate the exact position of a feature on the earth's surface, these measurement units are not associated with a standard length. It is only along the Equator that the distance represented by one degree of longitude approximates the distance represented by one degree of latitude.
To obtain comparable measurement units on a map, a mathematical conversion is needed. This transformation is commonly referred to as a "map projection".
There are four basic properties to map projections: shape - area - distance - direction.
Any representation of the ellipsoid surface in a 2-dimensional map causes distortion of one or more of these map properties. As different projections produce different distortions, they are suitable for some applications but not useful for others.
The GISCO locational reference system is the geographical coordinate system measured in latitude and longitude on a spheroid with a specific datum known as ETRS89. This system can be used to identify the locations of points anywhere on the earth's surface and is commonly refered to as the Geographical Reference System.
Longitude lines are also called meridians and stretch between the North and South poles, whereas latitude lines are also called parallels and encircle the globe with parallel rings.
The geodetic latitude (there are many other defined latitudes) of a point is the angle from the equatorial plane to the vertical direction of a line normal to the reference ellipsoid.
The geodetic longitude of a point is the angle between a reference plane and a plane passing through the point, both planes being perpendicular to the equatorial plane.
Latitude and longitude are commonly either measured in degrees, minutes and seconds or decimal degrees, the latter being the GISCO measurement unit. Latitude values range from 0° at the equator to +90° at the North Pole and -90° at the South Pole. Longitude ranges from 0° at the Prime Meridian (the meridian that passes through Greenwich, England) to 180° when traveling East from 0° and -180° when traveling West fom 0°.
Since longitude lines converge at the poles and converge towards the equator, one degree longitude varies between zero and 111 km at the equator. Therefore, degrees can not be associated with a standard length and furthermore, can not be used as an accurate measure of distance or area.
In order to provide measure of area and length, *.le for length and *.ar for area, info tables have been added to all layers with arc, polygon or region features. The measure is calculated on the basis of the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection.
To demonstrate these tables, the example of the structural funds (SF) version 5 in the community support (cs) theme, will be used:
The SFEC1MV5 cover consists of the following features:
| Feature Type | Table Name
| Associated Area or Length Table
|
| arc | sfec1mv5.aat
| sfec1mv5.le
|
| polygon | sfec1mv5.pat
| sfec1mv5.ar
|
| region | sfec1mv5.patsfelcl
| sfec1mv5.arsfelcl etc.
|
The *.ar and *.le tables can be linked to their corresponding feature tables via the <TABLE-NAME>-ID item. The corresponding relationships can be defined as follows:
Notably, an Arc coverage does not have a one-to-one relationship with its *.le table. Since the convertion from Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area to Geographic Coordinates split some arcs, the relationship from the Arc coverage to the *.le table is one-or-many to one.
The table below gives an overview of all data sets that are not projected in Geographic Coordinates and Spheroid ETRS89. Added are the reference systems they are projected in. In principle, grids are not projected as Geographic Coordinates, but as indicated in the table below. These projection systems are described in the chapters that follow.
| Data Set | Projection | Spheroid |
| alwdgg | None (geographical coordinates) | Clarke 1866 |
| deeu20m | Lambert Azimuth Equal Area | Semi major axis of
International 1909 |
| deeu3m | Lambert Azimuth Equal Area | Semi major axis of
International 1909 |
| fawd25mgg | None (geographical coordinates) | Clarke 1866 |
| lceugr | Lambert Azimuth Equal Area | Semi major axis of
International 1909 |
| wawdgg | None (geographical coordinates) | Clarke 1866 |
The Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection is a planar projection, which means that map data are projected onto a flat surface. The aritmethic centre of the projection, or the point of tangency, is a single point specified by longitude and latitude that can be located anywhere. This projection preserves the area of individual polygons while simultaneously maintaining a true sense of direction from the centre and is best suited for individual land masses that are symmetrically proportioned.
This projection system used to be the standard reference system for the GISCO Database until the release of november 2002.
In order to convert coverages, in former projection systems (before 11/2002) of the GISCO Database, to ETRS89 a usertool has been developed.
This tool can be found as $GCAI/atool/arc/la2gc.aml.
Usage : la2gc < input coverage > (a path name can be specified)
The GISCO Lambert Azimuthal Equal area projection is characterised by the following parameters:
| Units | meters |
| Spheroid | sphere |
| Parameters | |
| Radius of sphere of reference | 6378388 |
| Longitude of centre of projection | 09° 00' 00" |
| Latitude of centre of projection | 48° 00' 00" |
| False easting | 0.0 |
| False northing | 0.0 |
The French overseas areas (DOM: Départements Outre Mer) that are grids, are projected according to different parameters:
For the DOM areas, a Lambert Conformal projection is used, with
parameters matched to every region:
| Réunion | Units | meters |
| Spheroid | International 1909 | |
| Parameters | ||
| 1st standard parallel | -20° 0' 0.000" | |
| 2nd standard parallel | -22° 0' 0.000" | |
| central meridian | 55° 30' 0.000" | |
| latitude of projection's origin | -21° 0' 0.000" | |
| Guyane | Units | meters |
| Spheroid | International 1909 | |
| Parameters | ||
| 1st standard parallel | 2° 0' 0.000" | |
| 2nd standard parallel | 6° 0' 0.000" | |
| central meridian | -53° 0' 0.000" | |
| latitude of projection's origin | 4° 0' 0.000" | |
| Martinique | Units | meters |
| Spheroid | International 1909 | |
| Parameters | ||
| 1st standard parallel | 14° 0' 0.000" | |
| 2nd standard parallel | 15° 0' 0.000" | |
| central meridian | -61° 0' 0.000" | |
| latitude of projection's origin | 14° 30' 0.000" | |
| Guadeloupe | Units | meters |
| Spheroid | International 1909 | |
| Parameters | ||
| 1st standard parallel | 16° 0' 0.000" | |
| 2nd standard parallel | 16° 30' 0.000" | |
| central meridian | -61° 30' 0.000" | |
| latitude of projection's origin | 16° 15' 0.000" |
In December 1999 in a workshop, organised by JRC and MEGRIN, the need of a common Spatial Reference System for Europe was discussed as first step to ensure that geographic data are compatible across Europe. The workshop recommended to adopt the European Spatial Reference System ETRS89 at European level. But, a European Spatial Reference System is not enough, there is a need for a set of projection systems for the cartographic representation and grid storage of Pan-European geographic data at different levels of precision. To discuss this subject the JRC and EuroGeographics organised a second workshop (Dec. 14th - 15th 2000, Marne-la-Vallée) with a panel of relevant experts, with the main objective being to analyse the European Commission primary needs for map projection(s) and obtains expert advice to determine the appropriate projections.
Projected data are used in different contexts and for different uses:
The Workshop noted the need for a Pan-European coordinate reference system in which area remains true (for many statistical purposes) and which also maintains angles and shapes (for purposes such as topographic mapping). These needs cannot be met through usage of the ETRS89 ellipsoidal coordinate reference system alone, and a map projection is required to supplement the ellipsoidal system. The Workshop recognised that mapping of the ellipsoid cannot be achieved without distortion, and that it is impossible to satisfy the maintenance of area, direction and shape through a single projection.
For the purposes of evaluating projection distortion, the area of interest was taken to be a primary area equating to the EU15 except for outlying islands in the Atlantic (Madeira, Canaries, etc) ("EU15"), and a secondary area covering the current EU15 including Atlantic islands plus the EFTA countries and the 13 current EU candidate countries ("EU15+EFTA+CEC13"). In addition, the secondary area was extended eastwards to the Ural Mountains "Geographic Europe".
The primary area is bounded by parallels of 71°N and 34°N and meridians of 11°W and 32°E whilst the secondary area is bounded by parallels of 82°N and 27°N and meridians of 32°W and 45°E. The eastern boundary of the secondary area extension is 70°E. The centre of the area of interest was taken to be 52°N, 10°E.
Figure 1: The Area of Interest
| At the COGI meeting in May 2001, all participants agreed that the coordinate reference system ETRS89 should be adopted by all Commission services using GIS or collecting geo-referenced data. This agreement was affirmed by a formal decision of the European Commission to use ETRS89 for expressing geographical locations. |
| Entity | Value |
| CRS ID | ETRS89 |
| CRS alias | ETRS89 Ellipsoidal CRS |
| CRS valid area | Europe |
| CRS scope | Geodesy, Cartography, Geoinformation systems, Mapping |
| Datum ID | ETRS89 |
| Datum alias | European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 |
| Datum type | geodetic |
| Datum realization epoch | 1989 |
| Datum valid area | Europe / EUREF |
| Datum scope | European datum consistent with ITRS at the epoch 1989.0 and fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate for georeferencing of GIS and geokinematic tasks |
| Datum remarks | see Boucher, C., Altamimi, Z. (1992): The EUREF Terrestrial Reference System and its First Realizations. Veröffentlichungen der Bayerischen Kommission für die Internationale Erdmessung, Heft 52, München 1992, pages 205-213- or ftp://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/pub/euref/info/guidelines/ |
| Prime meridian ID | Greenwich |
| Prime meridian Greenwich longitude | 0° |
| Ellipsoid ID | GRS 80 |
| Ellipsoid alias | New International |
| Ellipsoid semi-major axis | 6 378 137 m |
| Ellipsoid shape | TRUE |
| Ellipsoid inverse flattening | 298.2572221 |
| Ellipsoid remarks | see Moritz, H. (1988): Geodetic Reference System 1980. Bulletin Geodesique, The Geodesists Handbook, 1988, Internat. Union of Geodesy and Geophysics |
| Coordinate system ID | Ellipsoidal Coordinate System |
| Coordinate system type | geodetic |
| Coordinate system dimension | 3 |
| Coordinate system axis name | geodetic latitude |
| Coordinate system axis direction | North |
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | degree |
| Coordinate system axis name | geodetic longitude |
| Coordinate system axis direction | East |
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | degree |
| Coordinate system axis name | ellipsoidal height |
| Coordinate system axis direction | up |
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | metre |
The coordinate lines of the Ellipsoidal Coordinate System are curvilinear lines on the surface of the ellipsoid. They are called parallels for constant latitude (phi) and meridians for constant longitude (lamda). When the ellipsoid is related to the shape of the Earth, the ellipsoidal coordinates are named geodetic coordinates. In some cases the term geographic coordinate system usually implies a geodetic coordinate system.
Figure 2: Cartesian Coordinates and Ellipsoidal Coordinates
If the origin of a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system coincides with the centre of the ellipsoid, the Cartesian Z-axis coincides with the axis of rotation of the ellipsoid and the positive X-axis passes through the point "phi" = 0, "lamda" = 0.
The European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) is the geodetic datum for Pan-European spatial data collection, storage and analysis. This is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid and is the basis for a coordinate reference system using ellipsoidal coordinates. For many Pan-European purposes a plane coordinate system is preferred. But the mapping of ellipsoidal coordinates to plane coordinates cannot be made without distortion in the plane coordinate system. Distortion can be controlled, but not avoided.
For many purposes the plane coordinate system should have minimum distortion of scale and direction. This can be achieved through a conformal map projection. The ETRS89 Transverse Mercator Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-TMzn) is recommended for conformal Pan-European mapping at scales larger than 1:500 000. For Pan-European conformal mapping at scales smaller or equal 1:500 000 the ETRS89 Lambert Conformal Conic Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LCC) is recommended.
With conformal projection methods attributes such as area will not be free of distortion. For Pan-European statistical mapping at all scales or for other purposes where true area representation is required, the ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) is recommended.
The ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) is a single projected coordinate reference system for all of the Pan-European area. It is based on the ETRS89 geodetic datum and the GRS80 ellipsoid. Its defining parameters are given in Table 2 following ISO 19111 Spatial referencing by coordinates.
Table 2: ETRS-LAEA Description
| Entity | Value | ||||
| CRS ID | ETRS-LAEA | ||||
| CRS alias | ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area CRS | ||||
| CRS valid area | Europe | ||||
| CRS scope | CRS for Pan-European statistical mapping at all scales or other purposes where true area representation is required | ||||
| Datum ID | ETRS89 | ||||
| Datum alias | European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 | ||||
| Datum type | geodetic | ||||
| Datum realization epoch | 1989 | ||||
| Datum valid area | Europe / EUREF | ||||
| Datum scope | European datum consistent with ITRS at the epoch 1989.0 and fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate for georeferencing of GIS and geokinematic tasks | ||||
| Datum remarks | see Boucher, C., Altamimi, Z. (1992): The EUREF Terrestrial Reference System and its First Realizations. Veröffentlichungen der Bayerischen Kommission für die Internationale Erdmessung, Heft 52, München 1992, pages 205-213 - or ftp://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/pub/euref/info/guidelines | ||||
| Prime meridian ID | Greenwich | ||||
| Prime meridian Greenwich longitude | 0° | ||||
| Ellipsoid ID | GRS 80 | ||||
| Ellipsoid alias | New International | ||||
| Ellipsoid semi-major axis | 6 378 137 m | ||||
| Ellipsoid shape | TRUE | ||||
| Ellipsoid inverse flattening | 298.2572221 | ||||
| Ellipsoid remarks | see Moritz, H. (1988): Geodetic Reference System 1980. Bulletin Geodesique, The Geodesists Handbook, 1988, Internat. Union of Geodesy and Geophysics | ||||
| Coordinate system ID | LAEA | ||||
| Coordinate system type | projected | ||||
| Coordinate system dimension | 2 | ||||
| Coordinate system axis name | Y | ||||
| Coordinate system axis direction | North | ||||
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | metre | ||||
| Coordinate system axis name | X | ||||
| Coordinate system axis direction | East | ||||
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | metre | ||||
| Operation ID | LAEA | ||||
| Operation valid area | Europe | ||||
| Operation scope | for Pan-European statistical mapping at all scales or other purposes where true area representation is required | ||||
| Operation method name | Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Projection | ||||
| Operation method formula | US Geological Survey Professional Publication 1395, "Map Projection - A Working Manual" by John P. Snyder. | ||||
| Operation method parameters number | 4 | ||||
| Operation parameter name | latitude of origin | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 52° N | ||||
| Operation parameter name | longitude of origin | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 10° E | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks | | ||||
| Operation parameter name | false northing | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 3 210 000.0 m | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks | | ||||
| Operation parameter name | false easting | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 4 321 000.0 m | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks |
| Extreme | Latitude | Scale factor k | Scale (ppm) | ||
| minimum | 51°N (circa) | 0.965 622 | -34 378 | ||
| maximum | 71° N | 1.043 704 | 43 704 |
| Entitiy | Value | ||||
| CRS ID | ETRS-LCC | ||||
| CRS alias | ETRS89 Lambert Conformal Conic CRS | ||||
| CRS valid area | Europe | ||||
| CRS scope | CRS for conformal Pan-European mapping at scales smaller or equal 1:500 000 | ||||
| Datum ID | ETRS89 | ||||
| Datum alias | European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 | ||||
| Datum type | geodetic | ||||
| Datum realization epoch | 1989 | ||||
| Datum valid area | Europe / EUREF | ||||
| Datum scope | European datum consistent with ITRS at the epoch 1989.0 and fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate for georeferencing of GIS and geokinematic tasks | ||||
| Datum remarks | see Boucher, C., Altamimi, Z. (1992): The EUREF Terrestrial Reference System and its First Realizations. Veröffentlichungen der Bayerischen Kommission für die Internationale Erdmessung, Heft 52, München 1992, pages 205-213- or ftp://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/pub/euref/info/guidelines/ | ||||
| Prime meridian ID | Greenwich | ||||
| Prime meridian Greenwich longitude | 0° | ||||
| Ellipsoid ID | GRS 80 | ||||
| Ellipsoid alias | New International | ||||
| Ellipsoid semi-major axis | 6 378 137 m | ||||
| Ellipsoid shape | TRUE | ||||
| Ellipsoid inverse flattening | 298.2572221 | ||||
| Ellipsoid remarks | see Moritz, H. (1988): Geodetic Reference System 1980. Bulletin Geodesique, The Geodesists Handbook, 1988, Internat. Union of Geodesy and Geophysics | ||||
| Coordinate system ID | LCC | ||||
| Coordinate system type | projected | ||||
| Coordinate system dimension | 2 | ||||
| Coordinate system axis name | N | ||||
| Coordinate system axis direction | North | ||||
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | metre | ||||
| Coordinate system axis name | E | ||||
| Coordinate system axis direction | East | ||||
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | metre | ||||
| Operation ID | LCC | ||||
| Operation valid area | Europe | ||||
| Operation scope | for conformal Pan-European mapping at scales smaller or equal 1 : 500 000 | ||||
| Operation method name | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection with 2 standard parallels | ||||
| Operation method formula | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection, in Hooijberg, Practical Geodesy, 1997, pages 133-139 | ||||
| Operation method parameters number | 6 | ||||
| Operation parameter name | lower parallel | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 35° N | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks | | ||||
| Operation parameter name | upper parallel | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 65° N | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks | | ||||
| Operation parameter name | latitude grid origin | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 52° N | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks | | ||||
| Operation parameter name | longitude grid origin | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 10° E | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks | | ||||
| Operation parameter name | false northing | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 2 800 000 m | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks | | ||||
| Operation parameter name | false easting | ||||
| Operation parameter value | 4 000 000 m | ||||
| Operation parameter remarks | |
| Zone number | Longitude of Origin | West Limit | East Limit | South Limit | North Limit |
| (zn) | (degrees) | (degrees) | (degrees) | (degrees) | (degrees) |
| 26 | 27° West | 30° West | 24° West | 0° North | 84° North |
| 27 | 21° West | 24° West | 18° West | 0° North | 84° North |
| 28 | 15° West | 18° West | 12° West | 0° North | 84° North |
| 29 | 9° West | 12° West | 6° West | 0° North | 84° North |
| 30 | 3° West | 6° West | 0° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 31 | 3° East | 0° East | 6° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 32 | 9° East | 6° East | 12° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 33 | 15° East | 12° East | 18° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 34 | 21° East | 18° East | 24° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 35 | 27° East | 24° East | 30° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 36 | 33° East | 30° East | 36° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 37 | 39° East | 36° East | 42° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 38 | 45° East | 42° East | 48° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| 39 | 51° East | 48° East | 54° East | 0° North | 84° North |
| Entity | Value |
| CRS ID | ETRS-TMzn |
| CRS remarks | zn is the zone number, starting with 1 on the zone from 180° West to 174° West, increasing eastwards to 60 on the zone from 174° East to 180° East |
| CRS alias | ETRS89 Transverse Mercator CRS |
| CRS valid area | Europe |
| CRS scope | CRS for conformal pan-European mapping at scales larger than 1:500 000 |
| | |
| Datum ID | ETRS89 |
| Datum alias | European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 |
| Datum type | geodetic |
| Datum realization epoch | 1989 |
| Datum valid area | Europe / EUREF |
| Datum scope | European datum consistent with ITRS at the epoch 1989.0 and fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate for georeferencing of GIS and geokinematic tasks |
| Datum remarks | see Boucher, C., Altamimi, Z. (1992): The EUREF Terrestrial Reference System and its First Realizations. Veröffentlichungen der Bayerischen Kommission für die Internationale Erdmessung, Heft 52, München 1992, pages 205-213 - or ftp://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/pub/euref/info/guidelines/ |
| | |
| Prime meridian ID | Greenwich |
| Prime meridian Greenwich longitude | 0° |
| Ellipsoid ID | GRS 80 |
| Ellipsoid alias | New International |
| Ellipsoid semi-major axis | 6 378 137 m |
| Ellipsoid shape | TRUE |
| Ellipsoid inverse flattening | 298.2572221 |
| Ellipsoid remarks | see Moritz, H. (1988): Geodetic Reference System 1980. Bulletin Geodesique, The Geodesists Handbook, 1988, Internat. Union of Geodesy and Geophysics |
| Coordinate system ID | TMzn |
| Coordinate system type | projected |
| Coordinate system dimension | 2 |
| Coordinate system remarks | Projection: Transverse Mercator in zones, 6° width |
| Coordinate system axis name | N |
| Coordinate system axis direction | North |
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | metre |
| Coordinate system axis name | E |
| Coordinate system axis direction | East |
| Coordinate system axis unit identifier | metre |
| Operation ID | TMzn |
| Operation valid area | Europe |
| Operation scope | for conformal pan-European mapping at scales larger than 1:500 000 |
| Operation method name | Transverse Mercator Projection |
| Operation method name alias | TMzn |
| Operation method formula | Transverse Mercator Mapping Equations, in Hooijberg, Practical Geodesy, 1997, pages 81-84, 111-114 |
| Operation method parameters number | 7 |
| Operation parameter name | latitude of origin |
| Operation parameter value | 0° |
| Operation parameter remarks | 0°, the Equator |
| Operation parameter name | longitude of origin |
| Operation parameter value | central meridian (CM) of each zone |
| Operation parameter remarks | central meridians ...,3° W, 3° E, 9° E, 15° E, 21° E,... |
| Operation parameter name | false northing |
| Operation parameter value | 0 m |
| Operation parameter remarks | |
| Operation parameter name | false easting |
| Operation parameter value | 500 000 m |
| Operation parameter remarks | |
| Operation parameter name | scale factor at central meridian |
| Operation parameter value | 0.9996 |
| Operation parameter remarks | |
| Operation parameter name | width of zones |
| Operation parameter value | 6° |
| Operation parameter remarks | |
| Operation parameter name | latitude limits of system |
| Operation parameter value | 0° N and 84° N |
| Operation parameter remarks | |
