Description:
The dataset contains two data sheets:
sheet 2009: 21,684 records, each record containing data for samples taken in EU in 2009, and samples for Bulgaria and Romania in 2012, for 14 elements/heavy metals.
As: Arsenic
Cd: Cadmium
Co Cobalt
Cr: Cromium
Cu: Copper
Fe: Iron
Mg: Magnesium
Mn: Manganese
Ni: Nickel
Pb: Lead
Sb: Antimony
V: Vanadium
Zn: Zinc
Hg: Mercury
sheet 2018: 995 records for a subset of samples taken during LUCAS 2018, for 11 elements/heavy metals
As: Arsenic
Cd: Cadmium
Co Cobalt
Cr: Cromium
Cu: Copper
Ni: Nickel
Pb: lead
Sb: Antimony
V: Vanadium
Zn: Zinc
Hg: Mercury
Concentrations for the elements are measured in “mg per kg”.
The exact location (latitude, longitude) where the samples were taken is not communicated for privacy reasons; only the ‘region’ to which the sample pertains is given: NUTS_0, NUTS_1 and NUTS_2.
The sheets contain also some useful ancillary data, such as: Land Cover (for the year of sampling 2009, 2012 or 2018), USDA texture class, pH class and Organic Carbon Class, NUTS_0 (country level), NUTS_1 and NUTS2 (Regional levels).
Note that the pH and Organic Carbon data are not given as values, but as ranges in which the true values are (e.g. 6-7 for pH, or 0-50 for OC). This is done to avoid finding the exact location through cross-reference with other available data, violating privacy.
The metadata for the provided heavy metal data can be found here (Metadata_HeavyMetals.rtf)
When using the data, it is recommended to consult also the following technical reports:
More explanatory documents as well as methodological notes on sampling, and instructions on the procedures of collecting and analyzing the samples, are available in ESDAC's LUCAS project page:
https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/lucas
For any question or problem concerning the data and use of it, please contact: ec-esdac@ec.europa.eu
More scientific outputs from Heavy metals data can be found in the following publications:
Fendrich, A.N., Van Eynde, E., Stasinopoulos, D.M., Rigby, R.A., Mezquita, F.Y. and Panagos, P., 2024. Modeling arsenic in European topsoils with a coupled semiparametric (GAMLSS-RF) model for censored data. Environment International, 185:108544.
Ballabio, C., Jones, A. and Panagos, P., 2024. Cadmium in topsoils of the European Union–An analysis based on LUCAS topsoil database. Science of The Total Environment, 912: 168710
Van Eynde, E., Fendrich, A. N., Ballabio, C., & Panagos, P. 2023. Spatial assessment of topsoil zinc concentrations in Europe. Science of The Total Environment, 892: 164512.
Ballabio, C., Jiskra, M., Osterwalder, S., Borrelli, P., Montanarella, L., Panagos, P. 2021. A spatial assessment of mercury content in the European Union topsoil. Science of the Total Environment. 769. Article No: 144755
Panagos, P., Jiskra, M., Borrelli, P., Liakos, L., Ballabio, C. 2021. Mercury in European topsoils: Anthropogenic sources, stocks and fluxes. Environmental Research. 201. Article No: 111556
Ballabio, C., Panagos, P., Lugato, E., Huang, J.-H., Orgiazzi, A., Jones, A., Fernández-Ugalde, O., Borrelli, P., Montanarella, L. 2018. Copper distribution in European topsoils: An assessment based on LUCAS soil survey. Science of the Total Environment, 636: 282-298.
Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., Lugato, E., Jones, A., Borrelli, P., Scarpa, S., Orgiazzi, A., Montanarella, L. 2018. Potential Sources of Anthropogenic Copper Inputs to European Agricultural Soils. Sustainability , 10, 2380
Yunta, F., Schillaci, C., Panagos, P., Van Eynde, E., Wojda, P. and Jones, A., 2025. Quantitative analysis of the compliance of EU Sewage Sludge Directive by using the heavy metal concentrations from LUCAS topsoil database. Environmental Science and Pollution, 32: 16554-16569